And if you use Nextcloud on Android to back up your photos, it may have been not syncing the location since mid-December when Google removed certain permissions from the App Store version.
I bit peculiar and specific but came to mind and may save some person's geotagging.
Not sure to follow. My Nextcloud app on Android doesn't require location permission. And its job is not too geo-tag photos (that's for the camera app instead), but rather to sync whole files.
The automatic sync function of the Nextcloud app ends accessing the photos in a way that doesn't include the location metadata of the photo. So the file it puts on your Nextcloud server does not have the location metadata.
The location metadata is just for me. They already know where you are at all times if you carry a cellular-networked device at all. Modern 5G tech enables them to track you with centimeter-level precision and in fact “““requires””” spying on your precise location to work at all thanks to the beamforming/MIMO: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2209.01183